Ethnic groups in Indonesia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
There are over 300 ethnic groups in Indonesia.
The largest ethnic group in Indonesia is the Javanese who make up 41% of the total population. The Javanese are concentrated on the island of Java but millions have migrated to other islands throughout the archipelago.The Sundanese, Malay, and Madurese are the next largest groups in the country. Many ethnic groups, particularly in Kalimantan and Papua, have only hundreds of members. Most of the local languages belong to Austronesian linguistic family, although a significant number, particularly in Papua, speak Papuan languages. The Chinese Indonesian population makes up a little less then 1% of the total Indonesian population according to the 2000 census. Some estimates, however, put the number of ethnic Chinese at roughly 8 million, claiming a large undercount due to widespread reluctance to self-identify as Chinese}. Some of these Indonesians of Chinese descent speak various Chinese dialects, most notably Hokkien and Hakka.
The proportional populations of Indonesian ethnic groups according to the (2000 census) is as follows:
Asmat:
Balinese:
Batak:
Betawi:
Dayak:
Minahasa:
Minangkabau:
Toraja:
| Ethnic groups | Popul ation (millions) | Percentage | Ma in Regions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Javanese | 86.012 | 41.7 | East Java, Central Java, Lampung |
| Sundanese | 31.765 | 15.4 | West Java |
| Malay | 7.013 | 3.4 | Sumatra eastern coast, West Kalimantan |
| Madurese | 6.807 | 3.3 | Madura island |
| Batak | 6.188 | 3.0 | North Sumatra |
| Minangkabau | 5.569 | 2.7 | Central Sumatra |
| Betawi | 5.157 | 2.5 | Jakarta |
| Buginese | 5.157 | 2.5 | South Sulawesi |
| Bantenese | 4.331 | 2.1 | Banten |
| Banjarese | 3.506 | 1.7 | South Kalimantan |
| Balinese | 3.094 | 1.5 | Bali island |
| Sasak | 2.681 | 1.3 | Lombok island |
| Makassarese | 2.063 | 1.0 | South Sulawesi |
| Cirebon | 1.856 | 0.9 | West Java |
| Chinese | 1.850 | 0.9 | Jakarta, West Kalimantan, North Sumatra |
Smaller groups
The regions of Indonesia have some of their indigenous ethnic groups. Due to migration within Indonesia (as part of government transmigration programs or otherwise), there are significant populations of ethic groups who reside outside of their traditional regions.
- Java: Javanese, Sundanese, Bantenese, Betawi, Tengger, Osing, Badui
- Madura: Madurese
- Sumatra: Malays, Batak, Minangkabau, Acehnese, Lampung, Kubu
- Kalimantan: Dayak, Banjar
- Sulawesi: Makassarese, Buginese, Mandar, Minahasa, Gorontalo, Toraja, Bajau
- Lesser Sunda Islands: Balinese, Sasak
- The Moluccas: Nuaulu, Manusela
- Papua: Dani, Bauzi, Asmat
Colonial era groups
Additionally, there are other smaller groups reminiscent of Indonesian demographic dynamics from colonial era, such as Arab Indonesian, Indian Indonesian, and Eurasian Indonesian.
The latter group diminished as an ethnic group since major emigration from Indonesia after the World War II.
